Although the sensitivity and specificity of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie have been validated by investigators from europe and the united states, several shortcomings of this schema remain. These images are a random sampling from a bing search on the term duke criteria for infectious endocarditis diagnosis. Histologic evidence of active endocarditis vegetation or intracardiac abscess or. Hacek haemophilus species, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, cardiobac terium hominis, eikenella corrodens, and kingella kingae. Acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis jama internal. The first is a positive blood culture for endocarditis. Main complications of leftsided valve ie and their management. A wide variety of pathogens may cause infective endocarditis, and some cases are culture negative. Objectives the purpose of this study was to assess the value and limitations of duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie. Individual value of each of the duke criteria for the. It comprises of 8 criteria divided in major and minor categories. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is based on modified duke s criteria, which include clinical, biological, and echocardiographic findings, cardiac computed tomography ct has not been mentioned as a diagnostic tool in the criteria. Duke criteria for infective endocarditis radiology.
Although the sensitivity and specificity of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie have been validated by investigators from europe and the united states, several. Criteria, definite infective endocarditis, possible infective endocarditis, not infective endocarditis. Tee recommended as first test in the following patients. For rightsided endocarditis caused by methicillinsensitive s.
Endocarditis diagnostic criteria modified duke criteria. Modified duke criteria definite infective endocarditis clinical criteria 2 major criteria, or 1 major criterion and 3 minor criteria, or 5 minor criteria major criteria blood culture positive typical microorganism for ie multiple variations endocarditis by imaging study circulation 2005. Assesment of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective. Diagnosis is made using the duke criteria, which include clinical. To determine the negative predictive value of the duke clinical criteria. This is a pdf document titled modified dukes criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Be joan of arc major criteria bblood culture positive e echo evidence of vegetation and valvular regurgitation minor criteria j janeway lesion o oslers node. Minor criterion includes predisposing heart condition or iv drug use, fever, vascular phenomena, immunologic phenomena, microbiological. The diagnosis of ie is still based on the duke criteria, with a major role of. Click on the image or right click to open the source website in a new browser window. Guidelines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults. Infective endocarditis occurs worldwide, and is defined by infection of a native or prosthetic. Infective endocarditis cardiovascular disorders merck.
Strict aseptic technique and sample acquisition from separate sites help to distinguish. Duke criteria for diagnosing infective endocarditis are. Key difference acute vs subacute endocarditis infective endocarditis is a microbial infection of the heart valves or the mural endocardium that leads to the formation of vegetations composed of thrombotic debris and organisms often. The duke criteria are a set of clinical criteria set forward for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The modified duke criteria are used to help establish a diagnosis of endocarditis. How to remember dukes criteria for infective endocarditis. Microorganism demonstrated on culture or histology of vegetation or intracardiac abscess. The duke ie database contains records collected prospectively on 800 cases of definite and possible ie since 1984. These were originally proposed in 1994 to help establish the diagnosis of endocarditis. Formal criteria to diagnose and stratify patients suspected of having infective endocarditis into definite, possible and rejected.
Duke criteria for infective endocarditis calculator. The focus is put on infectious causes, the possible pathogen agents and on the presence of ekg modifications. Negative predictive value of the duke criteria for infective. Major and minor criteria 1990s midlate 12 major studies 2000 li2 modification of duke criteria echo, microbiology, clinical 3 categories. Clinical criteria are 2 major, 1 major plus 3 minor or 5 minor criteria e. Diagnostic criteria and problems in infective endocarditis. Of the 91 patients requiring surgical intervention, the majority of patients 85. The duke criteria table 1,6 based upon clinical, echocardiographic and microbiological. Retrospective case study in a tertiary pediatric hospital. Diagnosis of infective endocarditis with cardiac ct in an. University of groningen endocarditis gomes, anna rug.
The term predisposing heart condition is used as an indication of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis ie and as a criterion for diagnosing ie according to modified duke criteria. Recognize the signs, symptoms, and duke criteria that aid in the diagnosis of ie. Methods both classifications were applied in 93 consecutive patients with. Pdf 2015 esc guidelines for the management of infective. Negative predictive value of the duke criteria for infective endocarditis g.
The diagnosis is rejected if only 2 minor criteria or less are present. It is true that the histopathology of these conditions is usually indistinguishable. Endocarditis will cause bacteremia and septic emboli. The presence of an endocarditis team is crucial in ie. In the subacute form of infective endocarditis, the vegetation may also include a center of granulomatous tissue, which may fibrose or calcify. Jul 01, 2015 in the absence of classical features fever, cardiac murmur, and peripheral vascular stigmata the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie may be difficult.
Healthcare related infections now account for 2530% of newly reported cases of endocarditis. Modified duke s criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis pdf. Infective endocarditis welcome to association of physicians of india. Prognostic value of skin manifestations of infective endocarditis. Infective endocarditis ie is a rare, lifethreatening disease that has longlasting effects even among patients who survive and are cured.
Predisposing heart condition or intravenous drug use. The purpose of this survey was to elaborate clinicians knowledge and opinion on relevant heart conditions as a duke minor criterion for the diagnosis of ie. Therefore, the negative predictive value of the duke clinical criteria for endocarditis is at least 92%. This multidisciplinary approach has been shown to significantly reduce the 1year mortality in infective endocarditis. The management of patients with ie in reference centres by a specialized team endocarditis team is strongly recommended. Viridans streptococci, streptococcus bovis, hacek group, staphylococcus aureus. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis has become more complex with todays myriad healthcareassociated factors that predispose to infection.
Aha scientific statement 1435 backgroundinfective endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes in both host and pathogen. No patient in our series whose diagnosis of endocarditis had been rejected had proven endocarditis. In this way, all the definite cases with either two major criteria but less than three minor criteria or with one major criterion and more than three minor criteria classifiable into a lower category through the withdrawal of one major criterion or with one major criterion and three minor criteria classifiable into a lower category. Infective endocarditis has an annual incidence of up to 10100,000 of the general population and carries a mortality of up to 30% at 30 days. Ct angiography is an anatomical imaging technique using computer algorithms to combine many x rays. Infective endocarditis is a relatively uncommon disease with a high mortality rate. Established in 1994 by the duke endocarditis service and revised in 2000, the duke criteria are a collection of major and minor criteria used to establish a diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The modified duke criteria is used to diagnose ie but has limited diagnostic.
Between 1985 and 2001, 41 episodes of ie were documented in 40 children median. The duke criteria for endocarditis are summarized below. Patients with infective endocarditis are a heterogenous group. Endocarditis is characterized by lesions, known as vegetations, which is a mass of platelets, fibrin, microcolonies of microorganisms, and scant inflammatory cells. Pathologic criteria are histological or culture confirmation ofpathologic criteria are histological or culture confirmation of vegetation or emboli. Difference between acute and subacute endocarditis key. All 5 minor criteria the diagnosis is considered possible if 1 major and 1 minor criteria are met, or if there are 3 minor.
The definitive incidence of infective endocarditis ie in the indian. With use of new duke criteria, 405 episodes of suspected endocarditis were previously classified as definite, possible, or rejected endocarditis. This is a pdf document titled modified duke s criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis. A definitive diagnosis of endocarditis can be made in patients with two major criteria, one major and three minor criteria, or five minor criteria. Duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis definite. Major criteria blood culture positive for infective endocarditis. Since 1994, the duke criteria have formed the basis for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie. Possible endocarditis is defined as the presence of one major and one or two minor criteria, or three minor criteria. Negative predictive value of the duke criteria for infective endocarditis. Suspect ie and consider the duke criteria in patients with. Contrariwise, awareness of certain differences between acute and subacute. Proposed modifications to the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus native valve infective endocarditis. Pdf although the sensitivity and specificity of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie have been validated by.
Rifle criteria for classification of acute renal f. According to the duke criteria, diagnosis of infective endocarditis can be definite, possible, or rejected. Modified dukes criteria for infective endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus native valve infective endocarditis sanvie is not completely understood. The duke criteria consists of 8 criteria 2 major and 6 minor which evaluates most common patient signs and symptoms to help with diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Pdf proposed modifications to the duke criteria for the. Current clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ie recommend the use of modified duke criteria. Many studies have now demonstrated the superiority of the duke criteria and a recent scientific statement of the american heart association concluded that they should be adopted as the primary diagnostic schema in the clinical evaluation of patients in whom infective endocarditis is suspected. The international collaboration on endocarditis merged database icemd is a combination of 7 existing. Although the sensitivity and specificity of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie have been validated by investigators from europe and the. Li, a professor of pediatrics from duke university and colleagues 12 completed the outstanding advancement in the frontier of knowledge on infective endocarditis in the 20 th century, presenting a perfected version of the 1994 criteria from duke university. Blood cultures are falsely negative 5% think hacek organisms only 20% have an increase in a known murmur and only 48% have a new murmur.
European association for cardiothoracic surgery eacts, the european association of nuclear medicine eanm. Determine the appropriate laboratory tests and imaging necessary to aid in diagnosing ie. The aortic valve was most commonly infected in 61 67. Negative predictive value of the duke criteria for. Difference between acute and subacute endocarditis. Clinical criteria for definite endocarditis requires two major criteria, or one major and three minor criteria, or five minor criteria. Despite these improvements in health care, the incidence of the disease has remained unchanged over the past two decades and may even be increasing. Infective endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes in both host and pathogen.
No longer recommended at all in the united kingdom. Ie disproportionately affects those with underlying. Strep viridans is the most common cause of native valve endocarditis, excluding risk factors below. According to the modified duke criteria 7 patients had definite ie. Clinicians and investigators should note that the duke criteria were originally developed. A recently expressed point of view maintains that differentiation between acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis is unimportant. Guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in. This is a health tool that helps clinicians diagnose infective endocarditis, a condition that is quite challenging to diagnose. Antibiotic treatment of infectious endocarditis depends on whether. Typical microorganisms consistent with infective endocarditis from two separate blood cultures. Risk factors for acquisition of infective endocarditis. A range of minor criteria are included in the duke strategy and supplementary criteria have since been proposed to enhance diagnosis further. International collaboration on endocarditis merged database study group.
The presentation, clinical course, and approach to treatment can vary widely based on. Guidelines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of. Communityacquired enterococci, in the absence of a primary focus. Apr 11, 2019 infective endocarditis ie refers to infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. An analysis of 241 cases adriana topan, 1 dumitru carstina, 1 adriana slavcovici, 1 raluca rancea, 2 radu capalneanu, 3 and mihaela lupse 1. The objective of this investigation was to describe the characteristics of a large, international cohort of patients with sanvie. The task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the european society of cardiology escendorsed by. Assesment of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of. Endocarditis diagnostic criteria duke criteria calculator. Infective endocarditis ie refers to infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. Major criterion includes positive blood culture for typical infective endocarditis organisms, and echocardiogram with oscillating intracardiac mass. The endocarditis diagnostic duke criteria calculator evaluates both major and minor diagnostic criteria. Modified duke criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis. University of pennsylvania health system antimicrobial use.
Ralph corey, md, joseph kisslo, md, and the duke endocarditis service with use of new duke criteria, 405 episodes of sus. Major diagnostic criteria positive blood culture for typical infective endocarditis organisms s. Duke criteria for infective endocarditis durack dt, lukes as, bright dk. Pdf proposed modifications to the duke criteria for the diagnosis. Nov 25, 2016 the term predisposing heart condition is used as an indication of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis ie and as a criterion for diagnosing ie according to modified duke criteria. Modification of the diagnostic criteria proposed by the duke endocarditis service to permit improved diagnosis of q fever endocarditis. For adequate diagnostic sensitivity, transesophageal echocardiography is the preferred modality used in patients. Modified duke criteria for endocarditis university of pennsylvania. Duke criteria for infectious endocarditis diagnosis. The recently proposed duke criteria were confirmed to be more sensitive than the former beth israel criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie. Proposed modifications to the duke criteria for the. Echocardiogram supportive of infective endocarditis.
Diagnostic criteria for endocarditis 1994 duke criteria1. The clinical duke criteria to diagnose endocarditis involve both major and minor. Only definite ie cases satisfying duke criteria revised by li et al. Combinations of criteria met in the 50 possible cases in the duke endocarditis database now rejected by the addition of a. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Endocarditis cardiac imaging valve disease echocardiography prognosis. Moreover, changes in pathogen prevalence, in particular a more common. How does this duke criteria for infective endocarditis calculator work. Assesment of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis after twentyyears. The duke criteria gave diagnostic weight to bacteremia with staphylococci or enterococci only, on the basis of the location of acquisition and. Formal criteria to diagnose and stratify patients suspected of having infective. The investigation and management of infective endocarditis in the developed world have changed radically over the past 30 years. Infective endocarditis ie is an evolving disease with a persistently high mortality and morbidity, even in the modern era of advanced diagnostic imaging, improved antimicrobial chemotherapy, and potentially curative surgery.
One patient had possible infective endocarditis at autopsy. Leftsided endocarditis does not respond to 2week courses. Value and limitations of the duke criteria for the diagnosis. Nowadays, the duke criteria are the clinical gold standard diagnostic test though obviously, pathology is the true gold standard but note that the duke criteria are certainly not completely sensitive and may be nonspecific, depending on the case. Modified dukes criteria are recommended as the primary scheme. Positive blood culture for typical infective endocarditis organisms s. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis view in chinese contamination in the operating room. List the risk factors for infective endocarditis ie. The duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis provide a systematic approach for diagnosing both native valve endocarditis nve and pve. Original article individual value of each of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis clin microbiol infect 1999. Nov 26, 2016 there are two major criteria for infective endocarditis. Although the sensitivity and specificity of the duke criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis ie have been validated by investigators f.